Written by Simone Toschi, edited by Kamil Łukasik & Chiara Caterina Gatti
Recent events concerning water infrastructure in Kuwait, Bahrain and Iran have highlighted how competing attribution claims and incomplete technical evidence can transform infrastructure damage into a wider escalation risk.
This brief explores the gaps in existing regional water emergency frameworks, recommending a dedicated conflict-incident protocol for reporting and evidence preservation, a confidential Gulf Cooperation Council incident management exercise, and a limited technical notification channel with Iran to clarify ambiguous incidents before they trigger retaliation.
Read the full brief here.
Reducing Escalation Risks in Gulf Water Security
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