The Green Paradox and Unregulated Rare Earth Extraction in Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Myat Sandar Zaw & Greta Venturini
Editors: Lamin Conteh, Gaia Sterre Mirotti, & Chiara Caterina Gatti
Mainland Southeast Asia has experienced a rapid expansion of largely unregulated rare earth element (REE) mining, placing significant pressure on the Mekong River. Although these minerals are essential to the global green transition, their extraction is often linked to exploitative and conflict-affected supply chains, creating a green paradox that undermines local economies, environmental sustainability, and community security.
This policy brief examines the expansion of rare earth mining in Mainland Southeast Asia, assesses its consequences for the region, and proposes recommendations to strengthen regulation.
